Did you know that Communications Director Jess Chaiken studied American Sign Language (ASL) at Gallaudet University? Known as the university for Deaf and hard of hearing students, Gallaudet accepts hearing students for its graduate programs, including its Masters in ASL Linguistics, which Jess completed in 1996. We asked her a few questions about why she wanted to learn sign language, even though she is hearing, and her experience at Gallaudet and beyond.
When did you start learning sign language?
I took my first sign language class my senior year at Ithaca College with Cheryl Hoffman, who was a registered interpreter for law students at Cornell University. We learned fingerspelling, 200 or so signs, all about direction and nonmanual features, and how sign languages use space to convey both location and time or tense. Professor Hoffman taught us ASL signs, but most of the time we used English sentence structure, which is called Pidgin Signed English. I didn’t learn ASL until I took classes at the American Sign Language Institute (ASLI) in New York. ALSI classes were taught by Deaf teachers who were native ASL signers, and we used textbooks that covered ASL grammar and syntax as well as Deaf culture.
Why did you want to learn sign language?
I love languages and linguistics! I took Spanish in high school and French in college. When I saw Sign Language on the schedule, I thought it would be a challenge and that I could talk with Deaf people around the world. I learned that sign languages are not universal and Deaf communities in every country have their own sign languages. I joined the ASLI classes because I wanted to keep learning about it. I loved learning about ASL’s grammar and turn taking in conversation, and getting to know Deaf culture (including why Deaf has a capital D). At the time, I was working with a group of Deaf financial advisors to promote their services, so the ASL classes were important in helping me support my clients.
Why did you want to study linguistics and how did you end up at Gallaudet University?
ASLI took a field trip every year to Gallaudet so students could be immersed in Deaf culture and community for a few days. We toured the campus, hung out in the student union, and even got invited to a party! I wanted to know more about the Deaf community and about ASL, so when I learned Gallaudet accepts hearing students for graduate school, I grabbed an application (this was 1993, long before websites and online applications). As soon as I saw the Linguistics of ASL major in the catalog, I was sold! I thought “If you want to study French, you go to France. You want to study ASL, you go to Gallaudet!”
What was the linguistics program like?
I loved the program! All but one of my classes were taught in ASL. We learned so much about how the language works, from the smallest pieces of meaning (phonology) to ASL’s role in Deaf culture (sociolinguistics). One of my favorite classes was Visual Gestural Communications. We didn’t use any recognizable spoken or signed language. Instead, we had to come up with gestures that we could mutually agree on and understand. We started with simple ideas like COLD or HUNGRY and by the end of the semester we could have whole conversations without saying or signing a word!
Are you fluent in ASL? How often do you use it?
I am not as fluent as I used to be, but I enjoy conversations with members of the Deaf community at conferences and meetings, including Deaf researchers from NIDILRR-funded projects like the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC) on Technology for People who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing which happens to be at Gallaudet. I live in DC, which has a large Deaf community, and I occasionally end up in a conversation when I’m out and about. It has come in handy (pardon the pun) in some interesting places too. Once when I was traveling in Croatia, I met a Deaf American at a tourist center and was able to help him find a hotel!
Since you know ASL, can you be an interpreter for someone?
No, I’m not qualified to be an interpreter. It takes years of training to develop the fluency you need to be a sign language interpreter. You must be able to hear statements, translate them with lightning speed in your head, and have them come out of your hands (with appropriate facial cues). And then watch the other person’s signs, translate that in your head, and have it come out of your mouth, again at lightning speed. I have a ton of respect for interpreters!
Are there any current NIDILRR-funded projects related to ASL that interest you?
Yes! The RERC at Gallaudet I mentioned has some really cool research on immersive technology like extended reality with signing avatars and AI-based sign language recognition. There is also project piloting the use of smart glasses for real time captioning and interpreting services and another project focused on sign language detection for videoconferencing. I’m excited to see what the future holds for ASL!
If you are interested learning more about ASL and sign languages, research on deafness or the Deaf community, or any other disability topic, contact our information specialists!