Music may be defined as vocal, instrumental, or mechanical sounds having rhythm, melody, and harmony. Music can reach across race, ability, or ethnicity and bridge differences between people of individual backgrounds, cultural heritage, and language by providing a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. Research has shown that music-based therapeutic interventions can have positive effects for people with disabilities, including for people with dementia or children with autism spectrum disorder. The benefits of music-based interventions may include lowering blood pressure, improving memory, enhancing communication and social skills, reducing muscle tension, and managing pain, among others.

Recreational therapists (RTs) may use music as part of a treatment plan for their individual clients with disabilities or older adults. RTs may use music as part of a one-on-one session, small group session, or a large group session. Sessions may revolve around creating music, singing and/or playing instruments, discussing lyrics, listening to music, and moving to music. Below, you will find some examples of music being used in recreational therapy:

• Music for the Mind: This program may be done with an individual or group of people and involves each person sharing and discussing their favorite song. Participants benefit from engaging their memories and voices, while experiencing real-life connections with peers, family members, and staff.
• Drum Circles: Drumming and drum circles have been shown to help improve moods, help with chronic pain, release negative emotions, and create an inclusive atmosphere. Drumming can increase cooperation and provide new opportunities for self-expression, among others. Examples of group drumming activities include Pieces of Eight, where group members pick a number from one to eight and, as their number is called, they hit their drums.
• Music Bingo: This cognitive music activity supports memory and reality orientation. It involves making cards where each participant draws a song, and others sing it after guessing the name correctly.

NIDILRR funds research and development activities that focus on the benefits of music for people with disabilities and older adults. NARIC’s Research In Focus series has featured reader-friendly summaries of these activities:

• A Novel Music-Based Exercise Intervention May Help Improve Physical Functioning in Adults Post-Stroke.
• Moving to Music Shows Promise to Improve Fitness for People with MS.

To receive more information about the benefits of music therapy, contact NARIC’s information specialists.